An assessment of indigenous conflict resolution mechanism of mezard in rural alamata woreda, tigray national regional state, ethiopia yonas berhe masters thesis politics international politics topic. Debretison gemremichael, chairman of tplf and tigray regional state president, has been traveling to different parts of tigray and has conveyed the. Atify the mvised constitution, 20h, of the southern nations, nationalities and peoples regional state vifhereas, it is found necessary to indicate particularly the separation of povvcr, and needs to be transparent and efficient of state organs. Member states of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia are the following. The greatest part of the population are agriculturalists, contributing 46% to the regional gross domestic product. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia. The imperial period 1974 ethiopia is the only african state never colonised by a. According to the text of the constitution, the states are called. What is the reasoning behind combining the words government, regional, national and state. Based on this, the study explores the status of minority rights in tigray regional state. Users can search cases by volume, case file number or subject matter of the case for instance by typing any legal topic or combination of keywords. The tigray regional health bureau has been consistently working on development of the health sector of our region. Etenesh abera mekelleaddis abeba, march 092020 lidiya mesfine, born and raised in mekelle, the capital of tigray regional state, speaks proudly about kallamino special high school, a boarding school in the same city as her birth place. It is prohibited to assume state power in any manner other than that provided under the constitution.
The constitution is the supreme law of the national state of tigray. Download this pdf file african journals online mafiadoc. The regional state has revised its former constitution by 2000. In tigray state, northern ethiopia, where the detailed research on which this paper is based has been centered, and in the literature concerning land rights and our less indepth research in other parts of ethiopia, we have found the same to be true. Todays announcement comes a day after the regional state council meet yesterday and passed the decision to declare a state of emergency. The revised constitution of the afar national regional. The highlands have the highest population density, specially in eastern and central tigray. The afar national regional state in ethiopia is located at the north eastern part of the country ethiopia, being one of the nine founding members of ethiopian federation. Over the past two decades, mekelle has experienced rapid growth as the capital of the regional state of tigray. The oromia, tigray, southern, somali, harar and amhara regional constitutions were adopted in 1995. Strongly committed, in full and free exercise of our right to selfdetermination, to building a political community founded on the rule of law and capable of ensuring a lasting peace, guaranteeing a democratic order, and advancing our economic and social development. Somali national regional state constitution download. The constitution of the tigray peoples liberation front tplf.
Save for tigray regional state, all these restrictive measures are being taken without declaring a soe, making such measures constitutionally problematic. Any law, customary practice, an act of an agency of government of official that contravenes the constitution is invalid. On june 4, an attacker killed an ethnic amhara student. An ethnically heterogeneous regional state without a dominant ethnic community, gambella is host to about 253,000 people from the anywaas, nuer, mezengir, opio and komo, plus settlers from tigray, amhara, oromia and southern regional state. In practice, however, it does not exercise sufficient local autonomy on budgetary matters related to economic and social affairs and is tightly controlled by nonelected zonal administrations in the region. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia environmental and. Federalism in a context of extreme ethnic pluralism. Article 2 territorial jurisdiction and boundary of the regional state of tigray. District level decentralization and public service delivery.
Duties and responsibilities of the office of the regional central committee 1. This constitution establishes a democratic federal national state of tigray. Ethiopia is a federal democratic republic composed of 9 national regional states. Any citizen of the national state of tigray, governmental bodies, political parties and other associations and their officials are bound by this constitution. The 1994 constitution assured that both the federal and the regional governments have their own legislative, judicial and executive power and the right to levy taxes and allocate budgets. Based on the 2007 census conducted by the central statistical agency of ethiopia csa, harari has a total population of 183,415, of whom 92,316 were men and 91,099 women. Tigray regional state tigray regional state the state of tigray consists of 4 administrative zones, one special zone, 35 woredas and 74 towns. Revised constitution of the afar national regional state of ethiopia. Due to longterm business development plans aimed at creating optimal market conditions, the city has become the home for many industries, agroprocessing companies and educational centers. The federal government with a bicameral parliament and a constitutional president was assigned the. Ethiopia administrative regions, cities and population ethiopia is a federal democratic republic composed of 9 national regional states. Tigray being among the five regional states, is implementing the community managed project approach in seven weredas since 2004 efy by starting in two weredas. Revised amhara national regional state constitution download.
Tigray regional state five years 201011 201415 growth. In its statements of december 18, 2015 the us department of state is concerned by the clashes in. The first thing that jumped out was the header the government of regional national state of tigray grnst. Oct 31, 2017 in a letter sent to ethiopian broadcast authority, which is a federal government agency, tigray region public and government relation bureau requested that oromia broadcasting network obn officially ask apologies for the way they covered stories.
Pdf a comparative analysis of the state constitution of. Regional states, some state constitutions including that of tigray and amhara regional states use the term. The oromia national regional state constitution is not visible or inaccessible. And the federal government may, when necessary, delegate to the states the powers and functions granted to it by art 51 of the constitution, 2 leaving residual power to regional states apparently. The main discussion among students of the ethiopian past is whether the country is an ancient, unified entity created through incorporation and assimilation or a relatively young state made by conquest and internal colonisation. The health development army is an instrumental approach that is being applied at every level of the region to ensure sustainable growth and dynamic transformation. The revised constitution of the afar national regional state. Amhara regional state amhara regional state the state of amhara consists of 10 administrative zones, one special zone, 105 woredas, and 78 urban centres.
The government of regional national state of tigray grnst. Tigray is also known as region 1 according to the federal constitution. The state shall, within available means, allocate resources to provide rehabilitation and assistance to the physically and mentally disabled, the aged, and to children who are left without parents or guardian. Public international law and human rights publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Us department of state s responses the us department of state has expressed concern about oromia regional state three times since the peaceful demonstration started in ethiopia in midnovember 2015.
Supervises the implementation ofthe programmes ofthe. Political participation of non indigenous people in bambasi woreda gizachew wondie masters thesis politics international politics topic. The state shall, within available means, allocate resources. Tigray is separated from the northern tigrinya territories by the river mereb, now serving as the state border to eritrea. The people of tigray, shackled by a feudoimperialist order, are among the. On june 4, an attacker killed an ethnic amhara student from axum university in the tigray region in what most assumed was retaliation for the death in debre markos. Pdf state constitutions in federal ethiopia researchgate. Federalism, local government and minority protection in. The government of national regional state of tigray, bureau.
All citizens, organs of state, political organizations, other associations as well as their officials have the duty to ensure observance of the constitution and to obey it. Efficient yellow pages in the national regional state of tigray bureau of justice,to find places nearby. It is public knowledge that the above restrictive measures are being taken while the country is planning to hold its sixth national elections come august, 2020. War is inevitable,says a journalist originally from tigray. Revised constitutions of regional states ethiopian legal. A proclamation issued to approve the first amendment of. The tigray region of ethiopia the tigray regional state is the northernmost of ethiopias nine regional states. The following responsibilities are included under the residual powers of the component states.
Tigray is one of in the horn of africa, they divided eritrea, tigray and ethiopia in them map. Tigray is the 6th largest by area, the 5th most populous, and the 5th most densely populated of the 9 regional states. Harari national regional state constitution download. An assessment of indigenous conflict resolution mechanism of. Article 47 member states of the federal democratic republic 1. Subnational constitutions in ethiopia african journals online. The oromia national regional state megeleta oromia heera mootummaa naannoo oromiyaa fooyyaee bahe labsii lak. Milkias 2 of amharas from gondar, wallo, and northern showa. Constitution of the federal democratic republic of ethiopia wipo. Indigenous versus non indigenous peoples rights in ethiopia. Debretison gemremichael, chairman of tplf and tigray regional state president, has been traveling to different parts of tigray and has conveyed the message he wanted, added abraha. Peoples region the case of ethiopias southern nations. Revised constitution of oromia national regional state. It encompasses most of the territories of tigrinyaspeakers and a few minority groups closely linked with them in ethiopia.
As far as the regional institutional structure is concerned, the federal constitution limits itself to stating that there. Based on the last census, tigray regional state had a total population of 4. Southern nations nationalities and peoples regional state constitution. The state of the tigray people constitution amendment 1998 tigrigna and amharic version. Ethiopia is made to provide an overview of what state constitutions look like. On 29 march 2020, closure of all cafes and restaurants were ordered. State of ethiopian affair is now clear, war is inevitable. Tigray is the homeland of the tigrayan, irob and kunama peoples. The national regional state of tigray bureau of justice. Revised constitution of afar national regional state. Constitution of the regional state of tigray ethiopian. However, since the regional constitution states that the indigenous ethnic. Afar, amhara, benishangul, gambella, harar, oromia, somali, tigray, and the southern nations, nationalities and peoples regional state snnprs. Please use the search box at the top of the website or found below or just click here to get the search box.
Ethiopian constitution protects diversity forum of federations. The two had coordinated their military activities during the previous decade, but they had not formed a political unity. We, the nations, nationalities and peoples of ethiopia. The bureau had realized various tangible achievements in strengthening the regions health system focusing on promoting community ownership, strengthening health infrastructure, improving access to health service and quality of. Ethiopia, tplf and roots of the 2001 political tremor p.
The powers of the federal state are limited to matters expressly enumerated under article 51 and article 55 of the constitution while the powers of the regional states include all matters not assigned expressly or concurrently to the federal state. The protection of minority rights under regional constitutions in the. This idea constitutes the background to the constitutional establishment of nine regional states. Now you can find the laws of snnps regional state in amharic and english languages. Tigray regional states letter to ethiopian broadcast authority. This is official page of tigray regional state ethiopia communication affairs bureau. Tigray regional governments condemned the killing and pledged to bring all the perpetrators to justice. And itcomposed is of preamble, eleven chapters and one hundred eleven articles. This provision is under economic, social, and cultural rights, which mandates, not equal rights but. This region is the only one in ethiopia where the majority of its population lives in urban area. The government of national regional state of tigray. Ethiopia, tigray, federal constitution, regional constitution, minority rights. The case of ethiopias southern nations, nationalities and. Pdf a comparative analysis of the state constitution of tigray in.
Most of the cultivated land had been redistributed for the last time in tigray regional state between 1989 and 1991 although exact dates vary a bit from place to place. The writing process of this constitution was led by the three young afar law professionals ambassador hassan abdulkadir, ali hussein weissa and ahmed hussein. On 26 march 2020, tigray region declared a 15day regionwide state of emergency, banning all travel and public activities within the region to prevent the spread of the virus. Oromia national regional state constitution download. Development politics publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay.
Ethiopias 1995 constitution formalised the division of the country into nine regional states. The tigray regional government condemned the ethnically motivated killing and promised to do all in its capacity to bring the perpetrators to justice. The politics of subnational constitutions and local. Reflecting this structure, the state to be formed shall be known as the federal national state of tigray. Revised constitutions of regional states ethiopian legal brief. The federal democratic state of tigray is established as per the constitution of the.
The state council which is the highest administrative body of the state is made up of 152 members, the executive body consists of 16 personalities. Tigray regional state tigray regional state topography and climate centuries of erosion, deforestation and overgrazing have left the region with dry and treeless plains, hills and plateau. Xxvii the states of amhara, oromia, tigray, afar and somali each bear the name of its dominant ethnic community, but in the other states. And it entered into force since may of the same year2000. Finally, the study suggests that tigray national regional state should open legal and institutional rooms for the protection of minority rights that enables them to enjoy their rights and play roles in the existing federal system. The government of tigray is composed of the executive branch, led by the president. Fiscal decentralization in ethiopia the movement for. Within this framework the fdre constitution has mandated the hpr to establish a human rights commission and the ombudsman and appoint its members. The state of tigray consists of 4 administrative zones, one special zone, 35 woredas and 74 towns. The constitution of the tigray peoples liberation front.
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